The myoepithelial cells are responsible for the contraction of the acini cells, aiding in the flow and secretion of saliva. Thus, saliva secreted into the oral cavity is hypotonic as compared to serum. Striated duct cells also secrete kallikrein and epidermal growth factor. In the striated duct, reabsorption of sodium and chloride occurs more as compared to the secretion of potassium and bicarbonate ions, which makes saliva hypotonic ( Figure 3). Striated and excretory ducts are impermeable to water. The intercalated duct cells also release lysozymes and lactoferrin. Saliva secreted from the acini is isotonic or slightly hypertonic when it reaches the intercalated ducts. In the second stage the saliva undergoes changes as it passes through the salivary ductal system into the oral cavity. Submandibular gland and other minor salivary gland have both serous and mucous acini, resulting in mixed saliva. Parotid gland and von Ebner’s gland is purely serous gland, while sublingual, glossopalatine and palatine glands have more of mucous secretions. The serous cells produce serous saliva which is thin, watery and is composed of zymogen granules and contains more proteins, while mucous cells produce thick, viscous saliva containing mucopolysaccharides and mucin. ![]() Water is taken up by the cells from the bloodstream and the resulting saliva secreted is isotonic. Transcytosis involves passage of substances like immunoglobulin A through the acini. Vesicular mechanism involves transport of vesicles filled with secretions from golgi complex to plasma membrane. Exocytosis involves fusion of the secretory granules with the membrane allowing release of the contents into the lumen. The secretions are stored as granules and later released into the lumen by the process of exocytosis or by vesicular mechanism. The acinar cells whether serous or mucous cells produce salivary secretion by ribosomal protein synthesis in the rough endoplasmic reticulum which is followed by the packaging of the proteins by the golgi complex. The first stage involves the formation of saliva by the acinar cells. If you have a bacterial infection in your gland, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics to treat it.According to Tencate, the formation of saliva occurs in two stages. ESWL is more commonly used to break up other types of stones in the body, such as those in the kidney or bladder. You will likely be sedated or under general anesthesia during this process. ![]() During this procedure, high-energy sound waves are directed at the stone. This is called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and allows the smaller pieces to pass through the duct. In some cases, your doctor may suggest using shock waves to break the stone into smaller pieces. Stones that are large or located deep within your duct may need to be surgically removed. If you can’t get the stone out at home, your doctor or dentist can try to push it out by pressing on both sides of the duct. ![]() ![]() You may also be able move the stone by applying heat and gently massaging the affected area. The goal is to increase saliva production and force the stone out of your duct. Your doctor or dentist may suggest sucking on sugar-free lemon drops and drinking a lot of water. Treatment for salivary duct stones involves activities to get rid of the stones. There are several different treatments for salivary duct stones: Home treatments
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